05/03
LIST OF SELECTED PAPERS AND
REPORTS
HELMUT T. ZWAHLEN
Note: Click on underlined blue titles to view pdf files of selected recent papers or abstracts/executive
summaries of recent research reports.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Russ,
Andrew, Vatan, Sahika. "Evaluation of ODOT Roadway/Weather Sensor
Systems for Snow and Ice Removal Operations Part I: RWIS", Final
report prepared for the Ohio Department of Transportation, Report No. FHWA/OH – 2003/008A, May 2003, 173 pp.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Russ,
Andrew, Badurdeen, Fathima, Vatan, Sahika.
"Evaluation of ODOT
Roadway/Weather Sensor Systems for Snow and Ice Removal Operations Part II:
RWIS Pavement Sensor Bench Test", Final report prepared for the Ohio
Department of Transportation, Report No. FHWA/OH – 2003/008B,
May 2003, 92 pp.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Vatan,
Sahika, Badurdeen, Fathima F., Erdinc Oner.
“Daytime
Legibility of White Landolt Rings on Green Traffic
Sign Backgrounds”, Paper No. 03-2325, presented at the 82nd
Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting, National Academy of Sciences,
Washington, DC,
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Russ,
Andrew. “Driver
Eye Scanning Behavior While Viewing Ground-Mounted Diagrammatic Guide Signs
before Entrance Ramps at Night”, Paper No. 03-2686, presented at the 82nd
Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting, National Academy of Sciences,
Washington, DC, January 12-16, 2003.
Zwahlen,
Helmut T., Russ, Andrew, Roth, James M., and Schnell, Thomas. “Evaluation
of the Effectiveness of Ground Mounted Diagrammatic Advance Guide Signs For
Freeway Entrance Ramps”, Paper No. 03-3315, presented at the 82nd
Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting, National Academy of Sciences,
Washington, DC, January 12-16, 2003.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Russ,
Andrew, Vatan, Sahika. “Nighttime Expert Panel
Evaluation of Unlighted Overhead Guide Signs”, Paper No. 03-2921, presented
at the 82nd Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting, National
Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC,
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Russ,
Andrew, Vatan, Sahika. “Nighttime Photometric
Evaluation of Unlighted Overhead Guide Signs”, Paper No. 03-2936, presented
at the 82nd Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting, National
Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC,
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Russ,
Andrew, Vatan, Sahika. "Unlighted
Overhead Guide Sign Feasibility Study", Final report prepared for the
Ohio Department of Transportation, Report No. FHWA/OH-2002/001,
November 2002, 285 pp.
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Badurdeen, Fathima Fazleena. “Daytime
Legibility as a Function of Nonfluorescent and
Fluorescent Traffic Sign Colors”, Paper No. 02-3232, presented at the 81st
Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting,
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Russ, Andrew C. “Evaluation
of Accuracy of Real-Time Travel Time Prediction System in Freeway Construction
Work Zone”, Paper No. 02-2371, presented at the 81st Annual
Transportation Research Board Meeting,
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Russ, Andrew C. “Evaluation
of Motoring Public’s Acceptance of Real-Time Travel Time Prediction System in
Freeway Construction Work Zone”, Paper No. 02-2372, presented at the 81st
Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting,
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Shaolin, Xiong. "Legibility
of Text on Traffic Signs as a Function of Luminance and Size", Paper
Number 01 2693 presented at the 80th Annual Transportation Research Board
Meeting,
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Schnell, Thomas. "Evaluation
of the Buckeye Crossbuck at Public, Passive Railroad/
Highway Grade Crossings in Ohio", Final report prepared for the Ohio
Department of Transportation, Report No. FHWA/OH-2000/021,
December 2000, 55 pp.
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Schnell, Thomas. "Evaluation
of Ground Mounted Diagrammatic Entrance Ramp Approach Signs", Final
report prepared for the Ohio Department of Transportation, Report No. FHWA/OH-2000/018, October 2000, 82 pp.
Zwahlen,
Helmut, T., et al. "Influence of Pavement
Marking Angular Systems on Visibility Predictions Using Computer Models",
Presented at the 15th Biennial Symposium on Visibility, Sponsored by the
Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, May 15-16, 2000. Published in Transportation Research Record 1754, 2001, pp
57-67.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Minimum In-Service Retroreflectivity
of Pavement Markings,” Paper No.
00-1479 presented at the 79th
Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January
9-13, 2000. Published in Transportation Research Record
1715, 2000, pp. 60-70.
Schnell, Thomas and Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and, “Computer Based Modeling to Determine the Visibility and Minimum
Retroreflectivity of Pavement Markings,” Paper No. 2000-1553 presented at the 79th
Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January
9-13, 2000.
Schnell,
Thomas and Zwahlen, Helmut T., “Visibility
of Rectangular Targets as a Function of Length and Width.” Published in the Proceedings of the Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting, September 27
– October 1, 1999, Houston, Texas, pp. 1338-1342.
Schnell,
Thomas and Zwahlen, Helmut T., “Legibility
Threshold Contrast of Uppercase Text Seen Against a Dark Background.” Published in the Proceedings of the Human Factors
and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting, September 27 –
October 1, 1999, Houston, Texas, pp. 1338-1342.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, "Evaluation
of Two New Crossbuck Designs for Passive Highway
Railroad Grade Crossings," Paper No. 991067 presented at the 78th
Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January
10-14, 1999. Published
in Transportation Research Record 1692, November 1999, pp. 82-93.
Schnell, Thomas, Zwahlen,
Helmut, and Smith, Ryan, "Reflective
Properties of Selected Road Surfaces for an Automobile Headlamp Geometry,"
Paper No. 991510 presented at the 78th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January 10-14, 1999. Published in Transportation
Research Record 1657, August 1999, pp. 79-90.
Zwahlen, Helmut and Schnell,
Thomas, "Visual
Target Detection Models for Civil Twilight and Night Driving Conditions,"
Paper No. 991545 presented at the 78th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January 10-14, 1999. Published in Transportation
Research Record 1692, November 1999, pp. 49-65.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, "Unobtrusive Driver Behavior Measurements at Passive
Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings Equipped with New Crossbuck
Designs," paper presented at the Fifth International Symposium on
Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Research and Safety, Knoxville, TN, October
20-22, 1998. Published
in Proceedings Fifth International Symposium on Railroad-Highway Grade
Crossing Research and Safety, pp. 113-129.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, "Advances in Passive Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Protection:
The Photometric Performance of the Buckeye Crossbuck,"
paper presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Railroad-Highway Grade
Crossing Research and Safety, Knoxville, TN, October 20-22, 1998. Published in Proceedings
Fifth International Symposium on Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Research and
Safety, pp. 131-145.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Violations and Driver Risk Taking Behavior at Passive
Railroad Grade Crossings as a Function of Different Crossbuck
Designs,” paper presented at the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, 1998
Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, June
10-13, 1998. Published in Proceedings,
Volume IVc, 2nd Transportation Specialty
Conference, Operation and Safety, pp.133-147.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Nighttime Photometric Measurements of Different Crossbuck Reflectorization
Designs Under Automobile Illumination at Night,” paper
presented at the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, 1998 Annual
Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, June 10-13, 1998. Published in Proceedings,
Volume IVc, 2nd Transportation Specialty
Conference, Operation and Safety, pp. 149-163.
Schnell, Thomas and Zwahlen,
Helmut T., “Driver Preview Distances at Night, Based on Driver Eye Scanning Recordings
as a Function of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivities,”
paper presented at the 14th Biennial Symposium on Visibility,
Transportation Research Board, The National Academy of Sciences, Washington,
DC, April 21, 1998. Published
in Published in Transportation Research Record 1692, November 1999, pp.
129-141.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Schnell,
Thomas, and O’Connell, Sarah, “Recognition Distances of Different Pavement
Arrow Designs During Daytime and Nighttime,”
paper presented at the 14th Biennial Symposium on Visibility,
Transportation Research Board, The National Academy of Sciences, Washington,
DC, April 21, 1998. Published
in Transportation Research Record 1692, November 1999, pp. 119-128.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Visibility of Road Markings as a Function of Age,
Retro-reflectivity Under Low-beam and High-beam Illumination at Night,” Paper
No. 980285, presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January 11-15, 1998. Published in Transportation
Research Record 1692, November 1999, pp. 152-163.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Driver-headlamp Dimensions, Driver Characteristics, Vehicle
and Environmental Factors used in Retro-reflective Target Visibility
Calculations,” paper presented in Session 274 at the 77th Annual
Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January 11-15,
1998. Published in Transportation
Research Record 1692, November 1999, pp. 106-118.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Legibility of Traffic Sign Text and Symbols,” Paper No.
980284, presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation
Research Board, Washington, DC, January 11-15, 1998. Published in Transportation
Research Record 1692, November 1999, pp. 142-151.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Superior Traffic Sign, Pedestrian, Bicycle and Construction
Worker Conspicuity Through the Use of Retro-Reflective Fluorescent Color
Materials,” paper presented at the 13th Triennial Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association, Tampere,
Finland, June 29 - July 4, 1997. Published in Proceedings
of the 13th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics
Association, Volume 6, Tampere, Finland,
June 29 - July 4, 1997, pp. 484-486.
Schnell, Thomas and Zwahlen,
Helmut T., “ Visibility of Pavement Markings at
Night,” paper presented at the 13th Triennial Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association, Tampere,
Finland, June 29 - July 4, 1997. Published in Proceedings of the 13th Triennial
Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, Volume 6, Tampere, Finland, June 29 - July 4, 1997, pp. 445-447.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Visual Detection and Recognition of Fluorescent Color Targets
Versus Non-fluorescent Color Targets as a Function of Peripheral Viewing Angle
and Target Size,” Paper No. 971194, presented at the 76th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January 12-16, 1997. Published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1605, December 1997, pp. 28-40.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Driver Eye Scanning Behavior at Night as a Function of
Pavement Marking Configuration,” Paper No. 971422, presented at the 76th Annual
Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January 12-16,
1997. Published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1605, December 1997, pp. 62-72.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Visibility of New Centerline and Edge Line Pavement
Markings,” Paper No. 971166, presented at the 76th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, January 12-16, 1997. Published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1605, December 1997, pp. 49-61.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Modeling the Visibility of Pavement Markings at Night Using
the Contrast Based Computer Model CARVE,” paper presented at the 1996
International Road Federation Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting, November 17-22,
1996, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Published in Proceedings of 1996
International Road Federation Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting, Vol II, The Role of Transportation in
Economic Development Asian Highway Investment, 1996, pp. 221-230.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Field Evaluation of Crossbuck
Designs for Passive Railroad Crossings using Violations and Near Collisions
Recorded with a Train Borne Video Recording System,” paper presented at the
Fourth International Symposium on Railroad Highway Grade Crossing Research and
Safety, Knoxville, Tennessee, October 8-10, 1996. Published in Proceedings, Fourth
International Symposium on Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Research and Safety,
October 8-10, April 1997, pp. 297-319.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Pracharktam, Torn, and Schnell, Thomas, “A Method to Assign
Weights of Importance to Design Requirements in Human-Machine Systems Design,”
paper presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics
Society, September 2-6, 1996, Philadelphia, Pennsyvlania.
Published in Proceedings, 40th Annual Meeting of the Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1996, pp. 1046-1050.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Conspicuity Advantage of Fluorescent Color Targets in the
Field,” paper presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society, September 2-6, 1996, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Published in Proceedings, 40th
Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1996, pp.
915-918.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Visibility of Yellow Center Line Pavement Markings as a
Function of Line Configuration and Line Width,” paper presented at the 40th
Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, September 2-6,
1996, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Published in Proceedings, 40th Annual Meeting of the Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1996, pp. 919-922.
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Schnell, Thomas, “Evaluation of Temporary Pavement Marking
Systems for Resurfacing Zones,” July 1996. Prepared for Ohio Department of Transportation in Cooperation with
US DOT, FHA, State Job No. 14523(0).
Final Report, Report No. FHA/OH-96/015,
212 pages and Appendices.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Visibility of New Dashed Yellow and White Center Stripes as a
Function of Material Retro-Reflectivity,” Paper No. 961268, presented at the
75th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 7-11, 1996,
Washington, DC. Published
in Transportation Research Record No. 1553, 1996, pp. 74-81.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Kim, Dae Sig, and Gerth,
Richard J., “An Evaluation of Mounting Step Dimensions and Handhold/Handrail
Dimensions on Semi-Trucks, Agricultural and Industrial Vehicles,” paper
presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics
Society, October 9-13, 1995, San Diego, CA.
Published in Proceedings, 39th Annual Meeting of the Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1995, pp. 1028-1032.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Schnell,
Thomas, and Fenk, Johannes, “Presenting Automobile
Rear Lighting and Braking Intensity Display
Arrangements Using a Specially Developed PC Animation Software Package,” paper
presented at the PAL-Progress in Automobile Lighting-Symposium, September
26-27, 1995, Technical University, Darmstadt, Germany. Published
in PAL Symposium Proceedings, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, 1995, pp. 248-253.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “A Combined Age-Background Luminance Contrast Multiplication
Function to Adjust the Human Contrast Threshold More Accurately in Visibility
and Legibility Evaluations,” paper presented at the PAL-Progress in Automobile
Lighting-Symposium, September 26-27, 1995, Technical University, Darmstadt,
Germany. Published in PAL
Symposium Proceedings, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, 1995, pp. 240-247.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and
Schnell, Thomas, “Curve Warning Systems and the Delineation of Curves with
Curve Delineation Devices,” paper presented at the International Conference on
Strategic Highway Research Program and Traffic Safety on Two Continents,
September 20-22, 1995, Prague, The Czech
Republic. Published
in Proceedings of the Conference Road Safety in Europe and Strategic Highway
Research Program (SHRP), No. 4A, Part 5, 1996, pp. 8-22.
Zwahlen,
Helmut T. and Schnell, Thomas, “Driver Eye Scanning Behavior When Reading Symbolic Warning Signs,” paper
presented at the Sixth International Conference on Vision in Vehicles,
September 13-16, 1995, University of Derby, UK.
Published in Vision in Vehicles – VI, Elsevier
Science Ltd., 1998, pp. 3-11.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Sunkara, Murali, and Schnell,
Thomas, “A Review of Legibility Relationships within the Context of Textual
Information Presentation,” paper presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Paper No. 950888, January 22-26, 1995,
Washington, DC. Published
in Transportation Research Record No. 1485, 1995, pp. 61-70.
Zwahlen, Helmut T. and Park,
Jin Young, “Curve Radius Perception Accuracy as a Function of the Number of
Delineation Devices (Chevrons),” paper presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of
the Transportation Research Board, Paper No. 951106, January 22-26, 1995,
Washington, DC. Published
in Transportation Research Record No. 1495, 1995, pp. 99-106.
Zwahlen, Helmut T.,
Hagiwara, Toru, and Schnell, Thomas, “Visibility of New Yellow Center Stripes
as a Function of Obliteration,” paper presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of
the Transportation Research Board, Paper No. 950993, January 22-26, 1995,
Washington, DC. Published
in Transportation Research Record No. 1495, 1995, pp. 77-86.
Zwahlen, Helmut T., Schnell,
Thomas, and Hagiwara, Toru, “The Effects of Lateral Separation Between Double Center Stripe Pavement Markings on Visibility
Under Nighttime Driving Conditions,” paper presented at the 74th Annual Meeting
of the Transportation Research Board, Paper No. 950994, January 22-26, 1995,
Washington, DC. Published
in Transportation Research Record No. 1495, 1995, pp. 87-98.
Hagiwara, Toru and Zwahlen,
Helmut T., “A Proposed New Driver Eye Scanning Behavior Recording and Analysis
System,” paper presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the Transportation
Research Board, Paper No. 950948, January 22-26, 1995, Washington, DC.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Schnell,
Thomas, “Visibility Through Tinted Automobile
Windshields at Night,” paper presented at 12th Triennial Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association, August 15-19, 1994, Toronto, Canada.
Published in Proceedings of 12th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Volume
4, pp. 267-270.
Zwahlen, H.T., Schnell,
Thomas, and Dreer, Pascal, “A Quantitative Evaluation
of Pushbutton Arrangements in New Automobiles,” paper presented at 12th
Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, August 15-19,
1994, Toronto, Canada. Published in Proceedings
of 12th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Volume 4, pp.
185-188.
Kellmeyer, David L. and Zwahlen,
H.T., “Detection of Highway Warning Signs in Natural Video Images Using Color
Image Processing and Neural Networks,” paper presented at IEEE World Congress
on Computational Intelligence, June 28-July 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Published in Proceedings, IEEE
International Conference on Neural Networks, Volume VII, pp. 4226-4231.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Traffic Sign
Reading Distances and Sign Reading Times When Driving at Night,” paper
presented at the Transportation Research Board’s 12th Biennial Symposium on
Improving Visibility for the Night Traveler, May 23-24, 1994, National Academy
of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1495, 1995, pp. 140-146.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Schnell,
T., “Loss of Visibility Distance Due to Automobile Windshields at Night,” paper
presented at the Transportation Research Board’s 12th Biennial Symposium on
Improving Visibility for the Night Traveler, May 23-24, 1994, National Academy
of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1495, 1995, pp. 128-139.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Schnell,
Thomas, “A Knowledge Based, PC Software Package for the Application and
Placement of Curve Delineation Devices,” Paper No. 940789, presented at 73rd
Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 9-14, 1994,
Washington, DC. Published
in Transportation Research Record No. 1495, 1995, pp. 107-116.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Schnell, Thomas,
“Visibility of New Pavement Markings at Night Under Low Beam Illumination,”
Paper No. 940840, presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation
Research Board, January 9-14, 1994, Washington, D.C. Published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1495, 1995, pp. 117-127.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Evaluation
of Pushbutton Arrangements in Automobiles,” paper presented at 37th Annual
Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, October 11-15, 1993,
Seattle, Washington. Published in Proceedings,
37th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1993,
pp. 969-973.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Optimal
Application and Placement of Roadside Reflective Devices for Curves on Two-Lane
Rural Highways,” July 1993. Prepared for Ohio Department of Transportation in Cooperation with
US DOT, FHA, State Job No. 14466(0).
Final Report, Report No. FHA/OH-94/011,
95 pages. Appendix
A, FHA/OH-94/012, 138 pages. Appendix B, FHA/OH-94/013, 66 pages. Appendix C, FHA/OH-94/014,
140 pages. Appendix
D, FHA/OH-94/015, 257 pages. Appendix E, FHA/OH-94/016, 208 pages. Appendix F, FHA/OH-94/017,
68 pages.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Vel, U. D., “Conspicuity in Terms of Peripheral Visual
Detection and Recognition of Fluorescent Color Targets vs. Non-Fluorescent
Color Targets Against Different Backgrounds During
Daytime,” paper presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Transportation
Research Board, January 12-16, 1992, Washington, DC, paper number 920880. Published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1456, 1994, pp. 125-138.
Zwahlen, H.T., Sunkara, M., Kellmeyer, D., and Sundarram, S., “Legibility and Conspicuity Performance of
Dry and Wet Beads on Paint and Reflective Sheeting License Plates Under Lowbeam Illumination at Night,” paper presented at the 71st
Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 12-16, 1992,
Washington, DC, paper number 920865. Published in Transportation Research Record No. 1456, 1994,
pp. 112-124.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Eye Scanning
Rules For Drivers - How Do They Compare With Actual Observed Eye Scanning
Behavior?” paper presented at the
International Conference on Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) and
Traffic Safety on Two Continents, Gothenburg, Sweden, September 18-20, 1991,
published in Proceedings of VTIrapport, ISSN
0347-6030, 372A, Part 2, 1991, pp. 166-195. Also published in
Transportation Research Record No. 1403, 1993, pp. 14-22.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Kellmeyer, D., “Position Accuracy When Pushing Pushbuttons
in a Car as a Function of Car Speed and Location: Implications for Design,” paper presented at
the International Conference on Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) and
Traffic Safety on Two Continents, Gothenburg, Sweden, September 18-20, 1991,
published in Proceedings of VTIrapport, ISSN
0347-6030, 372A, Part 2, 1991, pp. 212-248.
Zwahlen, H.T., Hu, X., Sunkara, M., and Duffus, L.M., “Recognition of Traffic Sign Symbols in the
Field During Daytime and Nighttime,” published in Proceedings, 35th
Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Vol. II, pp.
1058-1062, San Francisco, California, September 2-6, 1991.
Zwahlen,
H.T., “Reflective License Plate Material - Evaluation of Conspicuity and
Legibility Performance for a Standard License Plate Configuration Using Beads
on Paint versus Reflective Sheeting,” Final Report No. FHA-AZ91-358,
Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, Arizona 85007, April 1991, 33
pages.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Yu, J.,
“Color-shape Recognition of Reflectorized Targets
Under Automobile Lowbeam Illumination at Night,”
paper presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research
Board, January 13-17, 1991, Washington, DC, paper number 910797, published in Transporation Research Record 1327, 1991, pp.
1-7.
Zwahlen, H.T., Yu, J., Khan,
M., and Dunn, D., “Flexible Post Delineator Mechanical Fatigue Evaluation,”
paper presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research
Board, January 13-17, 1991, Washington, DC, paper number 910806, published in Transportation
Research Record No. 1302, 1991, pp. 43-55.
Zwahlen, H.T., Li, Q., and
Yu, J., “Luminance Measurements of Retroreflective
Warning Signs at Night Using the CapCalc System,” paper presented at the Transportation
Research Board, A3A04 Committee Symposium on Visibility for Roadways, Airways,
and Seaways, July 25-26, 1990, Washington, DC, published in Transportation
Research Record 1316, 1991, pp. 31-38.
Zwahlen, H.T., Yu, J., and
Rice, J.W., “Conspicuity of Retro-Reflective Signs and Devices at Night When
Driving with Only One Headlamp Working,” paper presented at the 69th Annual
Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 7-11, 1990. Paper number 890519 in Session 108 on
Visibility Needs for Vehicular Tunnels and Highways, Washington, DC, published
in Transportation Research Record 1287, 1990, p. 230-243.
Cohen, A.S. and Zwahlen,
H.T., “Blicktechnik in Kurven,”
Monograph, bfu - Report 13, published by bfu, Swiss Bureau for Accident Prevention, Bern,
Switzerland, Printed by Juris Druck
& Verlag AG, Zurich, October 1989, ISBN 3 260
052461, 81 pages.
Zwahlen, H.T., Yu, J., Xiong, S., Qi, L., and Rice,
J.W., “Night Time Shape Recognition of Reflectorized
Warning Plates as a Function of Full Reflectorization,
Borders only Reflectorization and Target Brightness,”
paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society,
Denver, Colorado, October 16-20, 1989.
Published in Proceedings, 33rd Annual Meeting of the Human
Factors Society, Volume 2, 1989, pp.
970-974.
Parviainen, J.A., French, R.L., and
Zwahlen, H.T., “Mobile Information Systems Impact Study,” Final Report,
Transport Canada Publication No. TP9360E, August 1989, 298
pages.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Yu, J.,
“Effects of Driving with One Headlamp Only on the Visual Detection of Reflectorized Targets at Night,” paper presented at the
International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation, ISATA 89,
Florence, Italy, May 29 to June 2, 1989, Paper No. 89050. Published in Proceedings, Vol. 1,
pp. 571-592.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Post
Delineator Mechanical Fatigue Evaluation,” April 1989. Prepared for Ohio
Department of Transportation in Cooperation with US DOT, FHA, State Job No.
14404(0). Final Report, No. FHA/OH-89/015, 134 pages. Executive
Summary, Report No. FHA/OH-89/014, 5 pages.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Morley,
D.G., “The Design of a User Friendly Statistical Software Package for the IBM
Personal Computer and Compatibles Written in Turbo Pascal,” paper presented at
the 11th Conference for Computers in Industrial Engineering, Orlando, Florida, March 15-17, 1989.
Published in Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume
17, Proceedings, 11th Annual Conference on Computers and Industrial
Engineering, Pergamon Press, Oxford-New
York-Beijing-Frankfurt-Sao Paulo-Sydney-Tokyo-Toronto, 1989 pp. 591-595.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Conspicuity
of Suprathreshold Reflective Targets in a Driver’s
Peripheral Visual Field at Night,” paper presented at the 68th Annual Meeting
of the Transportation Research Board, January 22-26, 1989. Paper No. 880550 in Session 107 on Highway
Visibility, Washington, DC. Published in Transportation Research Record 1213, 1989, pp.
35-46.
Snyder, H.L., Lynch, E.F.,
Abernethy, C.N., Companion, M.A., Green, J.M., Helander,
M.G., Hirsch, R.S., Hunt, S.R., Korell, D.D., Kroemer, K.H.E., Murch, G.M.,
Palacios, N., Palermo, S.A., Rinalducci, E.J., Rupp,
B.A., Smith, W., Wagner, G.N., Williams, R.D., Zwahlen, H.T., “American
National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal
Workstations, ANSI/HFS 100-1988, published by The Human Factors Society, Inc.,
P.O. Box 1369, Santa Monica, California 90406, USA, accepted February 4, 1988,
American National Standards Institute.
Zwahlen, H.T., Gardner-Bonneau, D.J., Adams, C.C., and Miller, M.E., “Night Time Recognition
of Reflectorized Warning Plates as a Function of
Shape and Target Brightness,” paper presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the
Human Factors Society, Anaheim, CA, October 24-28,
1988. Published in Proceedings, 32nd
Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Vol. 2,
1988, pp. 971-975.
Zwahlen, H.T., Miller, M.,
and Yu, J., “Effects of Misaimed Lowbeams and Highbeams on Visual Detection of Reflectorized
Targets at Night,” paper presented at the Symposium on Visibility Criteria for
Signs, Signals and Roadway Lighting, Sponsored by the Committee on Visibility
A3A04 of the Transportation Research Board, Radisson Plaza Hotel, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, August 3-4, 1988. Published in Transportation Research Record 1247, 1989, pp.
1-11.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Adams, C.,
“Evaluation of Ocular and Musculoskeletal Subjective Discomfort Score Responses
from VDT Operators,” paper presented at the Annual International Industrial
Ergonomics and Safety Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 8-10, 1988. Published in Aghazadeh,
F., Ed.: Trends in Ergonomics/Human
Factors V, Part V. North-Holland, Amsterdam, New
York, Oxford, and Tokyo, 1988, pp. 267-274.
Zwahlen, H.T., Adams, Jr.,
C.C., and Schwartz, P.J., “Safety Aspects of Cellular Telephones in
Automobiles,” paper presented at the 18th International Symposium on Automotive
Technology & Automation, Florence, Italy, May 30 -
June 3, 1988. Published in Proceedings,
Vol. 1, Paper No. 88058, pp. 1-17.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Research
Methodology to Assess the Importance of Peripheral Visual Detection at Night,”
paper presented at the International Symposium on Traffic Safety Theory and
Research Methods, Organized by the Institute for Road Safety Research SWOV,
April 26-28, 1988, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Published in Proceedings, Session 5, pp. 1-48,
Institute for Road Safety Research SWOV, P.O. Box 170, 2260 AD Leidschendam, The Netherlands.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Stop Ahead
and Stop Signs and Their Effect Upon Driver Eye
Scanning and Driving Performance,” paper presented at the 67th Annual Meeting
of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-14, 1988. Paper No. 870679 in Session 113 on Traffic
Information Systems and Driver Performance, Sponsored by Committees
on Vehicle User Characteristics A3B02 and on User Information Systems A3B08,
Washington, DC. Published
in Transportation Research Record 1168, 1988, pp. 16-24.
Zwahlen, H.T., Miller, M.,
Mohammad, K., and Dunn, R., “Optimization of Post Delineator Placement from a
Visibility Point of View,” paper presented at the 67th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, January 11-14, 1988. Paper NO. 870664 in Session
95 on Roadway Visibility, Sponsored by Committee on Visibility A3A04,
Washington, DC. Published in Transportation Research Record 1172, 1988, pp.
78-87.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Adams, C.,
“Eye Scanning Behavior of Video Display Terminal Operators,” paper presented at
the European Conference on Eye Movements E.C.E.M. 4, Goettingen,
FR Germany, September 21-24, 1987. Published in Volume 1:
Proceedings, Fourth European Conference on Eye Movements,
G. Luer and U. Lass, Ed., C.J. Hogrefe,
Inc., Toronto, Lewiston, NY, Goettingen, Zurich,
1987, pp. 172-174.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Driver Eye
Scanning Behavior on Straight Roads and Curves at Night,” paper presented at
the European Conference on Eye Movements E.C.E.M. 4, Goettingen,
FR Germany, September 21-24, 1987. Published in Volume 1:
Proceedings, Fourth European Conference on Eye Movements, G. Luer and U. Lass, Ed., C.J. Hogrefe,
Inc., Toronto, Lewiston, NY, Goettingen, Zurich,
1987, pp. 169-171.
Zwahlen, H.T., Adams, C.,
and DeBald, D., “Safety Aspects of CRT Touch Panel
Controls in Automobiles,” paper presented at the Second International
Conference on Vision in Vehicles, University of Nottingham, England, September 14-17, 1987.
Published in Gale, A.G., et al. Ed.: Vision in Vehicles II, North-Holland,
Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, and Tokyo, 1988, pp. 335-344.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Adams, C.,
“Development of a Work-rest Schedule for VDT Work,” paper presented at the
Second International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Honolulu,
Hawaii, August 10-14, 1987. Published in Salvendy, G., Sauter, S.L., and Hurrell, J.J., Ed.: Social,
Ergonomic and Stress Aspects of Work with Computers, 10A,
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 1987, pp. 157-164.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Straumann, H.M., “Methodology and Development of a Software
Package for a Low Cost Machine Vision System for Real Time Applications,” paper
presented at the Second International Conference on Robotics and Factories of
the Future, San Diego, California, July 28-31,
1987. Published in Proceedings,
Robotics and Factories of the Future ‘87, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin - Heidelberg - New York - London - Paris - Tokyo, September 1988, pp.
475-482.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Adams, C.,
“A Quantitative Work - Rest Model for VDT Work,” paper presented at the Annual
International Industrial Ergonomics and Safety Conference, University of Miami,
Coral Gables, Florida, June 9-12, 1987.
Published in Asfour, S.S., Ed: Trends in Ergonomics/Human Factors IV,
Part A., North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, and Tokyo, 1987, pp.
209-216.
Zwahlen, H.T. and DeBald, D., “Safety Aspects of CRT Touch Panel Controls in
Automobiles,” paper presented at the 16th International Symposium on Automotive
Technology and Automation, Florence, Italy, May 11-15, 1987. Published in Proceedings, Vol. 2,
pp. 192-212, Paper No. 87056.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Evrenol, M., “The Design of a User Friendly Interactive
Personal Computer Package for Quality Control Charts, Project Management, and
Linear Programming Applications,” paper presented at the 9th Annual Computers
and Industrial Engineering Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, March 18-20, 1987. Published in Proceedings, 9th Annual Conference on
Computers and Industrial Engineering, Vol. 13, Nos. 1-4, Pergamon Press, New York, 1987, pp. 397-401, H.K. Eldin and J.W. Nazemetz editors.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Advisory
Speed Signs and Curve Signs and Their Effect Upon
Driver Eye Scanning and Driving Performance,” paper presented at 66th Annual
Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Session 68, Washington, DC,
January 1987. Published
in Transportation Research Record 1111, 1987, pp. 110-120. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council,
Washington, DC.
Hartmann, A.L. and Zwahlen,
H.T., “Augenbelastung durch
Bildschirmsehen,” published in Swiss Chem 8 (1986) Nr. 4a, Verlag
Dr. Felix Wuest AG, Ch-8700 Kuesnacht
(ZH), Switzerland, pp. 72-74.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Kothari, N., “Effects of Positive and Negative Image
Polarity VDT Screens,” paper presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the Human
Factors Society, Dayton, Ohio, 1986. Published in Proceedings, 30th Annual Meeting of the
Human Factors Society, Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 170-174, Dayton,
Ohio.
Zwahlen, H.T. and DeBald, D.P., “Safety Aspects of Sophisticated In-vehicle
Information Displays and Controls,” paper presented at the 30th Annual Meeting
of the Human Factors Society, Dayton, Ohio, 1986. Published in Proceedings, 30th
Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Vol. I,
1986, pp. 256-260, Dayton, Ohio.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Peripheral
Detection of Reflectorized License Plates,” paper
presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Dayton,
Ohio, 1986. Published
in Proceedings, 30th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society,
Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 408-412, Dayton, Ohio.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Optimization
of Post Delineator Height and Spacing,” July 1986. Prepared for
Ohio Department of Transportation in Cooperation with US DOT, FHWA, State Job
No. 14396(0). Final
Report, Report No. FHWA/OH-86/015, 88 pages. Executive Summary, 1 page,
Report No. FHWA/OH-86/016.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Kothari, N., “The Effects of Dark and Light Character
CRT Displays Upon VDT Operator
Performance, Eye Scanning Behavior, Pupil Diameter and Subjective
Comfort/Discomfort,” Final Report, 386 pages, ISBN: 9997896122 and Volume II (Individual Subject
Data) 392 pages, June 1986, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,
Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2979.
Zwahlen, H.T., “Driver
Lateral Control Performance as a Function of Delineation,” paper presented at
Transportation Research Board Symposium on Visibility for Highway Guidance and
Hazard Detection, Washington, DC, June 1986.
Published in Visibility for Highway Guidance and
Hazard Detection, Transportation Research Record 1149, 1987,
Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp.
56-65.
Zwahlen, H.T. and Kothari, N., “The Effect of Dark and Light Character CRT
Displays Upon VDT Operator Performance, Eye Scanning
Behavior, Pupil Diameter and Subjective Comfort/Discomfort,” paper presented at
WWDU, Work With Display Units, International Scientific Conference, Stockholm,
Sweden, May 1986. Published in Proceedings,
Part 1, pp. 220-223.
Zwahlen, H.T., Hartmann, A.L., and Kothari, N., “How Much do Rest Breaks Help to Alleviate VDT Operator Subjective Ocular and Musculoskeletal Discomfort